Dialogue: Plus petit et plus grand
Vocabulaire
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uqaalaut
ᐅᑳᓚᐅᑦ
téléphone
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ailiruk
ᐊᐃᓕᕈᒃ
Va le chercher! (impératif)
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Grammar
décrire des personnes et des choses
L’inuktitut, comme le français, offre de nombreux termes pour la description de personnes ou de choses :
|
takijuq |
grand/long |
|
angijuq |
grand |
|
akitujuq |
dispendieux |
|
akikittuq |
bon marché |
En français, on les appelle les adjectifs. Leur terminaison diffère selon que le nom qu’ils décrivent est singulier ou pluriel, masculin ou féminin :
|
un grand édifice |
des grands édifices |
|
un édifice vert |
une maison verte |
En inuktitut, ces mots se comportent d’avantage comme des verbes. Tu pourras remarquer qu’ils finissent par la terminaison –juq au singulier. Cette terminaison
change si tu décris un objet qui est au duel ou au pluriel :
|
Qarasaujaq akitujuq. |
L’ordinateur est dispendieux. |
|
Qarasaujaak akitujuuk. |
Les deux ordinateurs sont dispendieux. |
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Qarasaujait akitujut. |
Les ordinateurs sont dispendieux. |
comparer des personnes et des choses
Pour comparer des personnes ou des objets en inuktitut, on peut utiliser deux affixes, -niqsaq (le comparatif) et –laaq (le superlatif) :
| takijuq | grand |
| takiniqsaq | plus grand (que) |
| takilaaq | le plus grand |
Note que la terminaison de la forme de base de l’adjectif (–juq / -tuq) disparait, avant que l’on ajoute -niqsaq ou –laaq.
Lorsque –niqsaq est ajouté à un radical finissant par t, la t finale devient n :
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naittuq |
court |
|
nainniqsaq |
plus court (que) |
Lorsque –laaq est ajouté à un radical finissant par une consonne, la consonne finale est supprimée:
|
naittuq |
court |
|
nailaaq |
le plus court |
40 » Simultaneous Actions
Inuktut has a set of verb endings to join an event with another event happening at the same time.
| Pisulauqtunga nirillunga. | I walked as I ate. |
| Uqalimaaqtuni sinililauqtuq | While he was reading, he fell asleep. |
Here is a complete list of these verb endings:
| nirillunga | while I was eating... |
| nirillutit | while you were eating ... |
| nirilluni | while he was eating ... |
| nirillunuk | while the two of us were eating ... |
| nirilluta | while we (3+) were eating ... |
| nirillusik | while the two of you were eating... |
| nirillusi | while you (3+) were eating ... |
| nirillutik | while the two of them were eating ... |
| nirillutik | while they (3+) were eating ... |
The affixes above are used with verbs that end in a vowel. When working with a verb that ends in a consonant, the beginning of the affix changes from ll to t:
| uqaq- | to speak |
| uqaqtunga | while I was speaking ... |
| uqaqtutit | while you were speaking ... |
| uqaqtuni | while he was speaking ... |
| uqaqtunuk | while the two of us were speaking ... |
| uqaqtuta | while we (3+) were speaking ... |
| uqaqtusi | while you (3+) were speaking ... |
| uqaqtutik | While the two of them were speaking ... |
| uqaqtutik | While they (3+) were speaking ... |
Important: All of the above endings are used when the two actions that appear in a sentence are performed by the same person.
| Pisuttuni tikiqqaujuq | He arrived walking. |
| Anillunga paallaqqaujunga | As I was going out, I fell down. |
If we want to describe two actions happening at the same time that were performed by different people we add ti- before the ending:
| Uqaalatillutit siniliqqaujut | While you were speaking, they fell asleep. |
| Aullasimatilluta sulauqqit? | When we were away, what did you do? |
In both of the above sentences, the two verbs are being performed by different people.
The -ti- ending can be directly added to a root ending in a verb or a consonant without affecting the spelling.
There is one form of this verb ending that is irregular.
| -luni becomes -tillugu | |
| Niritillugu miqsulauqtuq. | While he ate she sewed. |
Here is a complete set of the endings beginning with ti-
| aullasimatillunga | while I was away...(you/he/she/they)... |
| aullasimatillutit | while you were eating ...(I/he/she/they)... |
| aullasimatillugu | while he was eating ...(I/you/we/they)... |
| aullasimatillunuk | while the two of us were eating ...(you/he/she/they)... |
| aullasimatilluta | while we (3+) were eating ...(you/he/she/they)... |
| aullasimatillusik | while the two of you were eating...(I/he/she/they)... |
| aullasimatillusi | while you (3+) were eating ...(I/he/she/they)... |
| aullasimatillutik | while the two of them were eating ...(I/you/he/she)... |
| aullasimatillutik | while they (3+) were eating ...(I/you/he/she)... |